List of Rulers

Great Khans of the Mongol Empire (1206-1294)



1206-1227 Chingis / Genghis Khan

1229-1241 Ogedei Khan (Khakhan) - Son of Chingis

1246-1248 Guyuk Khan (Khakhan) - Son of Ogedei

1251-1259 Mongke / Mengku Khan (Khakhan) - Cousin of Ogedei

After the death of Mongke, in 1260, two Khakhans were elected by rivaling Khuriltais (assemblies): Ariq-Boke (brother of Kubiliai), who ruled from Karakorum, and Kubilai, who ruled from China. Kubilai defeated Ariq-Boke in 1264 to secure sole leadership.

1264-1294 Kubilai Khan (Khakhan) - Brother of Kubilai

No ruler was elected after Kubilai

Khakhan ("Khan of Khans"): Title used by Khans of the greatest steppe Empires, including the Mongol Empire. This title was officially used by all Khans of the Mongol Empire except for Chingis Khan.



Regents (Temporary rulers) during the election interludes

1227-1229 Tolui - Son of Chingis, Father of Kubilai and Mongke

1241-1246 Toregene Khatun - Wife of Ogedei, mother of Guyuk

1248-1251 Oghul Ghaymish





Emperors of the Yuan Dynasty (1272-1368)



1260-1294 Kublai Khan (Shizu)

1272-Kubilai adopts the dynastic title of Yuan

1294-1307 Temur Oljeytu Khan (Chengzong)

1307-1311 Qayshan Guluk / Hai-Shan (Wuzong

1311-1320 Ayurparibhadra / Ayurbarwada (Renzong)

1320-1323 Suddhipala Gege'en / Shidebala (Yingzong)

1323-1328 Yesun Temur (Taidingdi)

1328 Arigaba / Aragibag (Tianshundi)

1328-1329 Jijaghatu Toq-Temür (Wenzong)

1329 Qoshila / Qutuqtu (Mingzong)

1329-1332 Jijaghatu Toq-Temür (Wenzong)

1332-1333 Rinchenpal Irinchibal (Ningzong)

1333-1368 Toghan-Temür (Shundi )

Mongol Rule in China ends in 1368. Toghan-Temur dies in 1370 at Karakorum. His descendents hold power in Mongolia until the death of Titulair Khan (Khakhan) in 1634



Il-Khans of the Il-Khanate of Persia (1260-1335)



1256-1265 Hülegü (Grandson of Chingis, brother of Kubilai)

1260-Political establishment of the Il-Khanate

1265-1282 Abaqa

1282-1284 Ahmad Tegüder

1284-1291 Arghûn

1291-1295 Gaykhatu

1295 Baydu

1295-1304 Mahmûd Ghâzân

1304-1316 Muhammad Khudâbanda Öljeytü

1316-1335 Abû Sa'îd

There were no successor after the death of Abu Said. The Il-Khan suddenly collapsed and became various independent states. The Ilkhanate shares the same irony with the original Mongol Empire: Collapsing immediately after its Golden Age. Persia was later reunited by Timer Lenk



Khans of the Chagadai Khanate



1227-1244 Chagadai (son of Chingis)

1272-Kubilai adopts the dynastic title of Yuan

1244-1246 Qara Hülegü

1246-1251 Yesü Möngke

1251-1252 Qara Hülegü (Second Rule)

1260-1266 Orqina Khâtûn

1266 Alughu

1266-1271 Mubârak Shâh

1271-1272 Baraq Ghiyâth ad-Dîn

1272-1282 Negübey

1282-1306 Toqa Temür

1306-1308 Du'a

1308-1309 Könchek

1333-1368 Taliqu



1309 Kebek

1309-1320 Esen Buqa

1320-1326 Kebek

1326 Eljigedey

1326 Du'a Temür

1326-1334 Tarmashîrîn 'Alâ' adDîn

1334 Buzan

1334-1338 Changshi

1338-1342 Yesün Temür

1342-1343 Muhammad

1343-1346 Qazan

1346-1358 Danishmendji

1358 Buyan Quli

1359 Shâh Temür

1359-1363 Tughluq Temür



1363-1405 Tamerlane takes control of the Chagadai Khanate.His death allows the Chagadai rulers to retake control. The Chagadai Khanate remains as a minor state until the eighteenth century, when it was conquered by the Qing Empire.



Khans of the Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate) (1242-1359)



Jochi (Son of Chingis Khan), The "Golden Clan" is adopted

1242 - 1255 Batu Khan (Son of Jochi)

1242-Golden Horde is politically established

1256 - 1257 Sartak

1257 Ulagchi

1257 - 1267 Berke (brother of Batu)

1267 - 1280 Mongke Temur

1280 - 1287 Tode Mongke

1287 - 1291 Tole Buqa

1291 - 1313 Toqta

1313 - 1341 Muhammad Özbeg

1341 - 1342 Tonibek

1342 - 1357 Janibek

1357 - 1359 Berdibek

Died without a successor. The Golden Horde dissolves into various factions.

1378 - 1395 Tokhtamish (of the Blue Horde faction)

Unites the factions and the White Horde in 1378 to revive the Golden Horde. Defeated by Timur Lenk (Tamerlane) but was never officially annexed into the Timurid Empire. The death of Tamerlane in 1405 creates great political instabilities.

1395-1430s (15 Rulers)

In 1438, the Khanate of Kazan suceedes from the Golden Horde. The Remaining Golden horde becomes known as the Great Horde



Khans of the Whiet Horde (?-1377)



1226 - 1280 Orda

Very little is Known about the White Horde, although we do know that it existed between the Golden Horde and the Yuan Empire,

1280 - 1302 Kochu

1302 - 1309 Buyan

1309 - 1315 Sasibuqa

1315 - 1320 Ilbasan

1320 - 1344 Mubarak Khwaja

1344 - 1374 Chimtay

1374 - 1376 Urus

1376 - 1377 Toqtaqiya

1377 Temur Malik

White Hordes united with Tokhtamish's Golden horde in 1378 by Tokhtamish



Khans of the The Great Horde (1206-1294)



1435 - 1465 Kuchuk Muhammad

-The "Golden Horde" is the name used by the Golden Horde after the Khanate of Kazan split away from it in 1438.

-The Khanate of Astrakhan and the Khanate of Crimea splits from the Golden Horde (Great Horde)

1465 - 1481 Kochu

Ivan III expells Mongols rule from Russia in 1480.

1481 - 1498 Buyan

1481 - 1499 Sasibuqa

1499 - 1502 Ilbasan

The Great Horde is conquered by the Khanate of Crimea in 1502, genearlly considered to mark the end of the so called "Golden Horde."The Khanate of Crimea survives as the last Remnant of the Mongol Empire until 1783, when it was annexed by the Russians under Catherine the Great